Inglés PAU 2021

Enunciado del examen en texto

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UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID EVALUACIÓN PARA EL ACCESO A LAS ENSEÑANZAS UNIVERSITARIAS OFICIALES DE GRADO Curso 2020-2021 MATERIA: INGLÉS (Lengua extranjera adicional)

INSTRUCCIONES GENERALES Y CALIFICACIÓN Después de leer atentamente el examen, responda de la siguiente forma:

• elija un texto A o B y conteste EN INGLÉS a las preguntas 1, 2, 3 y 4 asociadas al texto elegido.

• responda EN INGLÉS una pregunta a elegir entre las preguntas A.5 o B.5.

TIEMPO Y CALIFICACIÓN: 90 minutos. Las preguntas 1, 2 y 4 asociadas al texto elegido se calificarán sobre 2 puntos cada una, la pregunta 3 asociada al texto elegido sobre 1 punto y la pregunta elegida entre A.5 o B.5 sobre 3 puntos.

TEXTO A Dog Training and the Myth of Alpha-Male Dominance Dogs are descended from wolves. Wild wolves live in hierarchical groups in which the aggressive alpha male rules over everyone else. Therefore, humans need to dominate their pet dogs to get them to behave. This logic has dominated the canine conversation for more than five years. But many experts say alphamale dominance philosophy is based on old-fashioned animal studies.

The debate has its roots in 1940s studies of confined wolves that, when forced to live together, naturally competed for dominance. Acclaimed animal behaviourist Rudolph Schenkel first introduced the theory of alpha-male dominance after observing male and female dogs in captivity. As it turns out, Schenkel’s research was based on a faulty premise: wolves in the wild, says L. David Mech, founder of the Minnesota-based International Wolf Center, actually live in nuclear families, in which the mother and father are the group leaders and their offspring’s status is based on birth order. Mech, who used to support alpha-wolf theory but has changed his opinion in recent years, says the group’s hierarchy does not involve anyone fighting to the top of the group, because just like in a human family, the youngsters naturally follow their parents’ lead.

It is leadership by showing a good example, not dominance, that owners should try to practice in relation to their dogs. Dominant-submissive relationships that do occur in nature are a means to distribute food and other basic needs. This problem rarely exists between dogs and their owners. House pets, on the contrary, bark too much, jump up on you, ignore your commands, and growl at you because they have been rewarded for this conduct or because they have not been trained to act differently.

QUESTIONS

A.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.

a) When they live in captivity, wolves fight among themselves to become leaders.

b) In wildlife, dominance is motivated by the need to control resources.

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

A.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions. Do not copy from the text.

a) Why does David Mech reject alpha-male dominance theories?

b) What causes pets’ misbehaviour?

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

A.3.- Find the words in the text that mean:

a) outdated (paragraph 1)

b) wrong (paragraph 2)

c) guidance (paragraph 2)

d) orders (paragraph 3) (Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

A.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given.

a) David Mech was fascinated _______ the way in which wolves behave in the wild, _______ they live in families.

b) _______ you want to have a well-behaved dog, _______ (not / pay) attention to it when it misbehaves.

c) Rudolph Schenkel, _______ put forward the theory of alpha-male dominance, _______ (write) his most famous study in 1947.

d) Complete the following sentence to report what was said.

“Do you prefer having dogs or cats at your home?” My friend asked me _____________________________________________________.

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

A.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.

Adapted from “Dog Training and the Myth of Alpha-Male Dominance,” Time, July 30, 2010. <https://bit.ly/2VaFNKJ >

What is your opinion about keeping animals in zoos? Discuss.

(Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos)

UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID EVALUACIÓN PARA EL ACCESO A LAS ENSEÑANZAS UNIVERSITARIAS OFICIALES DE GRADO Curso 2020-2021 MATERIA: INGLÉS (Lengua extranjera adicional)

INSTRUCCIONES GENERALES Y CALIFICACIÓN Después de leer atentamente el examen, responda de la siguiente forma:

• elija un texto A o B y conteste EN INGLÉS a las preguntas 1, 2, 3 y 4 asociadas al texto elegido.

• responda EN INGLÉS una pregunta a elegir entre las preguntas A.5 o B.5.

TIEMPO Y CALIFICACIÓN: 90 minutos. Las preguntas 1, 2 y 4 asociadas al texto elegido se calificarán sobre 2 puntos cada una, la pregunta 3 asociada al texto elegido sobre 1 punto y la pregunta elegida entre A.5 o B.5 sobre 3 puntos.

TEXTO B University and Life Whether you are at the beginning of your studies or at the very end, you surely have heard countless times so far that studying is the best period of a person’s life. At first glance it seems like a cliché, which people always pronounce with a certain dose of sadness. With all the commitments, strict professors and difficult exams for which one needs to study for months, it does not really seem to be an amusing period of life. However, if you look at things from a different angle, at the end you definitely will come to the same conclusion. It is absolutely worthwhile.

You will enjoy freedom because you are finally on your own and you can arrange your free time the way you please. The students that live outside their hometown get to really experience this advantage. You can do or stop doing things you couldn’t even dream of in your parents’ home. A spontaneous party or a stroll at 4 am, why not?

Going away from home can be both stressful and difficult. Nevertheless, there are very few things that will contribute to your personal development and selfreliance as much as this experience. If you have decided to study in a foreign country, then you are facing the real challenge. When you get used to it, there are no limits for you anymore. And if you manage to work part-time at university while you study, it can be a very rewarding experience.

In the end, the best moment comes when you successfully overcome all the problems and obstacles, tasks and obligations that the study brings, and you are finally able to say that you are a grown- up. You are gradually changing every single day you spend as a student. Don’t be surprised if you start your academic education as one person, and finish it as another, a better one, for sure.

Adapted from “University is the best time of your life,” Student Voices, October 11th, 2017. < https://rb.gy/xiqvv8>

QUESTIONS

B.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.

a) Living by yourself makes you improve as an individual.

b) It is not advisable to work and study at the same time.

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

B.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions.

Do not copy from the text.

a) Mention two advantages of living on your own when studying at university.

b) When do students feel they are at the peak of their university experience?

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

B.3.- Find the words in the text that mean:

a) innumerable (paragraph 1)

b) organize (paragraph 2)

c) hard (paragraph 3)

d) get over (paragraph 4) (Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

B.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given.

a) More companies ______ (hire) me years ago if I ______ (have) a university degree.

b) Parents assume their kids learn the things they ______ (interest) in, while children look forward to ______ (satisfy) all their curiosity in a particular field.

c) Most students will agree this is ______ (precious) life period, but they only become aware of it ______ those days are behind.

d) I wish I______ (take up) more extracurricular activities years ago in order to meet someone ______ shared my passion.

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

B.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.

Do you think studying abroad can make you grow as a person? Justify your answer.

(Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos)

INGLÉS (Lengua extranjera adicional) CRITERIOS ESPECÍFICOS DE CORRECCIÓN El ejercicio incluirá cinco preguntas, pudiendo obtenerse por la suma de todas ellas una puntuación máxima de 10 puntos. Junto a cada pregunta se especifica la puntuación máxima otorgada. La valoración y los objetivos de cada una de estas preguntas son los siguientes:

Pregunta 1: Hasta 2 puntos. Se trata de medir exclusivamente la comprensión lectora.

El estudiante deberá decidir si dos frases que se le presentan son verdaderas o falsas, copiando a continuación únicamente el fragmento del texto que justifica su elección. Se otorgará 1 punto por cada apartado. Se calificará con 0 puntos la opción elegida que no vaya justificada.

Pregunta 2: Hasta 2 puntos. Se pretende comprobar dos destrezas: la comprensión lectora y la expresión escrita, mediante la formulación de dos preguntas abiertas que el estudiante deberá contestar basándose en la información del texto, pero utilizando sus propias palabras en la respuesta. Cada una de las preguntas valdrá 1 punto, asignándose 0,5 puntos a la comprensión de la pregunta y del texto, y 0,5 a la corrección gramatical y ortográfica de la respuesta.

Pregunta 3: Hasta 1 punto. Esta pregunta trata de medir el dominio del vocabulario en el aspecto de la comprensión. El estudiante demostrará esta capacidad localizando en el párrafo que se le indica un sinónimo, adecuado al contexto, de cuatro palabras o definiciones. Se adjudicará 0,25 por cada apartado.

Pregunta 4: Hasta 2 puntos. Con esta pregunta se pretende comprobar los conocimientos gramaticales del estudiante, en sus aspectos morfológicos y/o sintácticos.

Se presentarán oraciones con huecos que el estudiante deberá completar o rellenar.

También podrán presentarse oraciones para ser transformadas u otro tipo de ítem. Se adjudicará 0,25 a cada “hueco en blanco” y en el caso de las transformaciones o ítems de otro tipo se concederá 0,5 con carácter unitario.

Pregunta 5: Hasta 3 puntos. Se trata de una redacción, de 150 a 200 palabras, en la que el estudiante podrá demostrar su capacidad para expresarse libremente en inglés. Se propondrá una única opción y se otorgarán 1,5 puntos por el buen dominio de la lengua

– léxico, estructura sintáctica, etc. – y 1,5 por la madurez en la expresión de las ideas – organización, coherencia y creatividad. Para corregir esta redacción se utilizará la siguiente rúbrica de evaluación:

Puntuación: de 0 – 3 Cada apartado se valorará entre 0 y 0,5, según se ajuste a lo que figura en el descriptor de “Excelente” (con la nota máxima de 0,5) o de “Deficiente” (con la nota mínima de

0).

Excelente El mensaje es claro, preciso y coherente, con ideas interesantes, que se atienen al tema propuesto. Se sigue el requisito de extensión mínima.

Se muestra capacidad CONTENIDO para desarrollar un punto de vista personal, con opiniones originales. Las ideas se ilustran de forma adecuada.

FORMA

---/0,5

---/0,5

Se emplean conectores de forma efectiva y variada.

---/0,5

No hay errores importantes de gramática No muestra limitaciones en el uso del vocabulario que utiliza.

---/0,5

No hay errores importantes de ortografía y/o puntación.

Total

Nota

---/0,5

--- / 0,5

--- / 3

Deficiente El mensaje es demasiado confuso, ambiguo o incoherente, con ideas irrelevantes o repetitivas. No se sigue el requisito de extensión mínima.

Es difícil distinguir la postura personal del autor. Se incluyen generalidades sin fundamento, porque no se aportan datos o ejemplos que ilustren las ideas expuestas.

Faltan conectores adecuados y se acusa una falta de transiciones temáticas lógicas.

Hay errores graves de gramática Hay errores graves de léxico.

Hay múltiples equivocaciones en el uso de la ortografía y/o la puntuación.

INGLÉS (Lengua extranjera adicional) SOLUCIONES (DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO ORIENTATIVO) TEXTO A - SUGGESTED ANSWERS

Question A.1

a) TRUE: “The debate has its roots in 1940s studies of confined wolves that, when forced to live together, naturally competed for dominance.”

b) TRUE: “Dominant-submissive relationships that do occur in nature are a means to distribute food and other basic needs.” Question A.2 Key ideas

a) Because this theory misinterprets how wolves live in the natural world. In nature, wolves live in families. Consequently, their relationships are based on family roles and not on dominance.

b) Pets’ misbehaviour is caused because their owners reward them when they behave incorrectly, and because of the lack of proper training.

Question A.3

a) old-fashioned

b) faulty

c) lead

d) commands Question A.4

a) by ------- where

b) If / In case / Should / As long as ------- do not pay

c) who ------- wrote

d) My friend asked me whether/if I preferred having dogs or cats at my home.

INGLÉS - SOLUCIONES (DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO ORIENTATIVO) TEXTO B - SUGGESTED ANSWERS Question B.1

a) TRUE: “Nevertheless, there are very few things that will contribute to your personal development and self-reliance as much as this experience.”

b) FALSE: “And if you manage to work part-time at university while you study it can be a very rewarding experience.”

Question B.2 Key ideas

a) You will be alone and free to decide what to do with your time. In addition, there will be room for doing things you never dreamt of, for instance going out late at night and partying.

b) Students find they are in their best moment when eventually they get over their difficulties and feel that they have matured as persons.

Question B.3

a) countless

b) arrange

c) difficult

d) overcome

Question B.4

a) would have hired ------- had had

b) are interested ------- satisfying

c) the most precious ------- when / once / after

d) had taken up ------- who / that